A comprehensive guide on Acute Myeloid Leukemia associated with MRC (Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms), including initial identification, symptoms, and additional details.
Unmasking Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes (AML-MRC): What You Need to Know
Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes (AML-MRC) is a specific subtype of AML, accounting for 25-34% of all AML diagnoses. This form of cancer affects the bone marrow and blood, and its symptoms can often mimic those of common illnesses, such as the flu, making it crucial to seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
The World Health Organization (WHO) first classified AML-MRC in 2008, establishing clear criteria for its diagnosis. These criteria include the presence of ≥20% myeloblasts in the blood or bone marrow, a history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN), significant multilineage dysplasia, specific cytogenetic abnormalities, and the exclusion of cases with recurrent genetic abnormalities that would classify them into other AML categories [1][4].
To diagnose AML-MRC, doctors typically order a series of tests. A complete blood count (CBC) with differential is used to determine the number of and different types of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. A peripheral blood smear provides further information about the leukemia cells in the blood. A specialist called a hematopathologist may use flow cytometry to diagnose AML, examining leukemia cells under a microscope and looking for specific antigens on their surface. A bone marrow aspiration takes a liquid bone marrow sample from the hip bone with a long needle [2][3].
Traditionally, chemotherapy treatment, specifically a regimen of cytarabine and anthracycline, has been used to treat AML. However, for older individuals with AML-MRC, Liposomal daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351), a combination of two chemotherapy drugs, may be considered [5].
People with AML-MRC often do not enter remission, and the median overall survival rate is not specified. An allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) is part of the treatment for AML, which involves harvesting healthy blood-forming cells from a donor [6].
For individuals diagnosed with AML-MRC, support services are available. The American Cancer Society provides various resources, while organizations like Cancer Care offer counseling, financial assistance, and community programs [7][8].
It's important to note that Venetoclax, a medication used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia, small lymphocytic lymphoma, and AML in people aged 75 or older or who cannot receive chemotherapy, is not specifically designed for AML-MRC [9].
While the median age of an AML-MRC diagnosis is not specified, the condition is typically diagnosed in people in their 70s [10]. If you or someone you know is experiencing persistent symptoms that could indicate AML, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.
- Other leukemias, such as chronic myeloid leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia, are different medical conditions from Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Myelodysplasia-Related Changes (AML-MRC), but all are considered chronic diseases related to health and wellness.
- AML-MRC, like other neurological disorders, can have serious implications for a person's mental health, as the disease progression and treatment may cause stress, anxiety, and depression.
- Science and research have played a significant role in the understanding and diagnosis of AML-MRC, with the World Health Organization (WHO) providing clear guidelines for its classification and diagnosis in 2008.
- While treating AML-MRC with chemotherapy is common, understanding and managing the mental health aspects of this leukemia, as well as navigating various medical-conditions and chronic diseases, is crucial for patients' overall well-being.
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