Medication for Mental Health Disorders: Functions, Potential Adverse Reactions, andNotable Examples
Atypical Antipsychotics: A Balance of Benefits and Risks
Atypical antipsychotics, a class of drugs used to treat various mental health conditions, are known for their lower risk of certain side effects compared to traditional antipsychotics. However, they do carry their own set of potential complications.
These medications, including risperidone (Risperdal), are associated with metabolic side effects such as weight gain, high blood sugar (diabetes), elevated cholesterol, and high blood pressure. They can also cause sedation, constipation, and heart rhythm changes (Q-T prolongation).
On the other hand, traditional antipsychotics, or first-generation antipsychotics, are more frequently associated with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and tardive dyskinesia—a potentially irreversible involuntary movement disorder characterized by repetitive motions. Examples of traditional antipsychotics include prochlorperazine (Procomp).
The key difference between the two lies in their side effects. Typical antipsychotics are more likely to cause neurological movement disorders (EPS and tardive dyskinesia), while atypical antipsychotics have a higher risk of metabolic complications and some cardiovascular effects but fewer neurological side effects.
It's important to note that both types can cause sedation, weight gain, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea or constipation.
In the realm of prescription practices, the incorrect use of antipsychotics, particularly in nursing homes, is a cause for concern. Off-label uses, such as for dementia-related behaviors, are not uncommon.
Moreover, doctors will regularly monitor patients taking atypical antipsychotics, checking for increased cholesterol and blood sugar levels, as well as neutrophil levels for those taking clozapine, a type of white blood cell that helps the body fight infections.
Follow-up appointments may include having an electrocardiogram to evaluate heart function.
National programs in the United States have worked to reduce the inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotics in nursing homes, but more efforts are needed to further reduce improper prescribing.
As with any medication, it's crucial to report any side effects to a doctor when taking atypical antipsychotics. By doing so, patients can ensure they receive the best care possible.
- The science of psychology and psychiatry often examines the balance of benefits and risks associated with atypical antipsychotics, which are used to manage mental health conditions like schizophrenia.
- In the health-and-wellness field, it's essential to recognize that atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone (Risperdal), can lead to metabolic issues such as weight gain, high blood sugar, and heart rhythm changes (Q-T prolongation).
- Traditional antipsychotics, such as prochlorperazine (Procomp), are frequently linked to extrapyramidal symptoms and tardive dyskinesia, a potential irreversible involuntary movement disorder.
- Mental health professionals must keep track of various aspects of patients' health when they are prescribed atypical antipsychotics, including checking for changes in cholesterol and blood sugar levels, neutrophil counts for those taking clozapine, and conducting electrocardiograms to evaluate heart function.
- National initiatives in the United States strive to minimize the inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotics, particularly in nursing homes, and continue efforts to reduce improper prescribing practices in the mental health field.
